نشریه مطالعات ترجمه قرآن و حدیث
پیاپی 1 (بهار و تابستان 1393)

The Nahj al-Balagha (Arabic: نهج البلاغه Nahj ul-Balāghah) (“Way of Eloquence«) is the most famous collection of sermons، letters and narrations of Imam Ali. This book is Known for its eloquent content and considered a masterpiece of literature in Arabic language and literature. This valuable book many times has been translated into Persian by capable translators and scholars. One of the most famous Persian translations of Nahj al-Balagha was done by Sayyed Jafar Shahidi، distinguished scholar of the Persian language and literature and a renowned historian of Islam. Nahj al-Balagha employs many stylistic، linguistic and rhetorical features، and this use of linguistic and rhetorical features such as simile، metaphor، irony، challenges the translators of Nahj al-Balagha. Meanwhile Shahidi’s translation of Nahj al-Balagha has been a faithful translation in a way that he has tried to convey it faithfully on the one hand، and to find the exact Persian equivalents on the other hand. Using the descriptive and attributive method، this article analyzes the diction، figures of speech، and literary graces of the 114 elementary sermon of Shahidi’s translation. Shahidi has carefully translated figures of speech of Nahj al-Balagha into Persian، to some extent that، the eloquence of this translation draws everybody’s attention. Shahidi has benefited from the Baligh simile and Makniyah Metaphor frequently. He has also used different types of figures of speech and rhetorical features such as rhyme، symmetry، contrast… which makes this translation more valuable and precious. And finally the authors have come to this conclusion that the rhyme is the most striking feature in this translation.

The present article seeks to explain the position of the word "Righteousness" by the method of descriptive semantics. After the etymology, its semantic relation with collecative and substitute words has been examined in the Quran. Therefore, according to the research features, descriptive analysis method has been used. The results of descriptive study showed that “Righteousness” in spiritual application based on substitutional orientation or collecation orientation has semantic relation with the words like “piety”, “faith”, “charitable”, “forgiveness”, “honesty”, “better” and “goodness”. Based on collecation orientation with words, it is located in a semantic field such as misconduct, tyrant, miserable, rebellious, disobedience, iniquity, aggression, sin, and bad, and in some semantic components, it has contrastive meaning with them. Another important result, is the deep semantic relation of “righteousness” with other words in the same field in the Holy Quran. These relationships have caused the word “righteousness” to be impressed by the adjacent words and the meaning system placing in it, such that it survives with distinct and transcendental meaning. The word “righteousness”, as the most general moral concept, has a literal meaning of "development of good work", and its conceptual and applicable scope is very wide, which can be summed up in the three semantic aspects of "obedience", "goodness " and "piety".

The language of Quran is a multi-layer and faceted one which is considered as one of its marvels. Based on some quotes, the Holy Quran encompasses seven and on some other, seventy layers of meaning. This has long derived the Quran scholars and investigators to strive to figure out these layers of meaning. Multiple meaning words carry with them more than one meaning and since there is always the possibility of the presence of multiple meanings in a single context, due attention and care plays a significant role in figuring out the right meaning and message of Quranic verses and correctly translating them. Following a descriptive-analytical methodology, this study investigated the translation of some multiple meaning words. This implies the incongruences in picking up the Farsi equivalent of the same word by different translators. Taking the semantic and pragmatic context of the verses into account, considering the etymological aspects of the words and analyzing interpretative texts are among the most important solutions to the translation of multiple- meaning words.

God sent the holy Quran to guide human beings. One of the ways forenjoying the holy Quran’s guidance, is fluent translation of it, and also without ambiguity. Criticizing the translation of the holy Quran is one of the ways and strategies for reachingsome kinds of translations with the above features. This article studies the translation of the mogharebe verb "Kada/Yakadu" in the translation of Makarem Shirazi, Fouladvand, Khoramshahi and Karim Zamani. The translators have used in their translation "kad" as "it was about" and "ya-kad" as "it is about". Fouladvand and Karim Zamani in their translation of these two verbs, in addition to the above equivalents, have also used "it was almost to happen" for "kad", and "it is almost to happen" for "y-kad". Some of the mentioned translators have used "it is not about" or "it is about" for "la ya-kad" and "lam yakad" and it is wrong. The correct translation of these two verbs is "cannot".

Linguistic stylistics is one of the modern linguistic approaches to text analysis, which analyzes the unique expression style of a given text as well as the goal and effect of adopting that style. It is maintained in this approach that each text has specific linguistic features, which, on the one hand, gives uniqueness to the text, and makes the text categorized in a category with a number of other texts on the other. From stylistic point of view, regarding a number of shared features, two texts can be categorized in the same category, referred to as “text genre”. However, two texts can be distinguished based on a number of their features. Since text is the aim in translation, a process in which a text is rendered into another language, it is plausible to consider text translation as reconstructing the linguistic features of the source text to the form of target language elements in a relative way. In layer stylistics approach, text features are studied in five layers, namely phonological, lexical, grammatical, semantic, and pragmatic. On the basis of this approach, the present study focuss on the lexical layer of Ḥadīth texts, as one of the religious texts genre. We shall further deal with five aspects of the style-making lexical features of Ḥadīth texts; then we shall investigate the methods, challenges, and tools of reconstructing such features in Persian. In the present study, a number of Ḥadīth s of Behar-al-Anvar shall be analyzed as the special cases of our discussion.

Undoubtedly, understanding the Holy Quran and representing lingual concepts and innovation may be difficult. Thus, it is vital that the translator is proficient in the Quranic language. The Holy Quran is extremely eloquent and rhetoric literally, and there exists so beautiful styles and formats within it such as independent pronouns. Given that “independent pronoun” is important in transferring the meaning, the present study seeks to its semantic aspects in Hadad Adel’s and Safarzadeh's translations of the Holy Quran. The author first defines “independent pronoun”, and then studies different translations of the Holy Quran. Next, the proposed translations are recited. In the process of studying and criticizing Hadad Adel’s and Safarzadeh's translations, it became evident that these translations do not follow the same method in translating “independent pronouns”; for example, the pronouns in similar situation are translated differently, and sometimes the translators apply translation. Also some translations do not represent “independent pronoun”, and it has not been translated in some cases. Finally, the frequency of equivalents of “independent pronouns” in translations has been presented comparatively in a graph.

One of the most important questions about the Persian translations of holy Quran is that which of them is the most accurate and faithful. A translation, which is faithful to the language of the holy Quran, and at the same time, recreates the holy glorious themes of Quran into the form and structure of Farsi (Persian). In the meantime, the holy Quran translated by Mohammad Ali Rezaei Esfahani and a group of Qom seminary teachers has more accuracy and faithfulness than the other translations of Quran. In this paper, we review the accuracy and faithfulness of this translation. It seems that it is the most faithful and accurate contemporary translation of the holy Quran into Persian.